Sustainability and Environmental Studies for Emission Reduction

Question: Discuss about theSustainability and Environmental Studies for Emission Reduction. Answer: CO2 emission effects and reductions Carbon dioxide formulates the entire share of greenhouse gases. The accumulation of manmade greenhouse gases to the atmosphere influences the radiative balance of earth adversely. This enhances the temperature of earths surface and to linked effects on agriculture, climate and see level rise. While cooking food or burning plastics or wasteful things, it generates CO2. There are two kind of sources such as natural and human of carbon dioxide emission. The component of natural sources includes ocean releases, respiration and decomposition. The activities of human sources which can be the reason of carbon dioxide emission are cement production, deforestation along with burning of fossils fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas (Cui, Fan, Zhu and Bi, 2014). Carbon dioxide is colorless and non-poisonous gas which is generated by burning of wood and other material of organic and fossil fuels like petroleum, coal and natural gas. Emission refers to the discharge of greenhouse gases and their forerunner in to the atmosphere over a certain area and period of time. It is the essay which will reflect the issue of CO2 emission and its possible minimization with taking support of relevant data. Carbon footprint is poisonous for the world and the reason behaving being bad for the world is that carbon emission contributes in the change of climate which can have the severe result for human and their environment. Fossil fuel is the main reason of increasing the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (Friedlingstein, et. al., 2014). Carbon emission enhances the temperature of global by trapping the solar energy in the atmosphere. CO2 emission can be measured and it emitted from the fatigue pipe of cars and measured in grams per kilometer. New cars are tested in the laboratory on a rolling road but the production is dependent on the combined cycle in which a diversity of driving conditions is simulated. The union of European facing stagnation in the reduction of emission after competing more than 4 years of reducing emission that is by an average 3% per year from 2011 to 2014. The sum of emission of EU has reached3.5 gigatons (Gt) CO2 in 2015. Emission increased in the part of southern European countries that is Italy and Spain. The rate of increased emission in Italy and Spain was 5% and 7% respectively. It is done due to more consumption of coal that is 24% in Spain. Along with that the main contribution in emission of Italy is in the consumption of oil and natural gases. It has been analyzed that there are so many countries that contributes their efforts in the reduction of emission that is Finland, United Kingdom and Denmark. They decreased emission 4% to 10% in 2015. The support of renewable energy resources is increased in the European Union by 15% in which hydropower was not included. Hydropower is known as hydroelectric power plant which is taken in use to store water in a t ank. With the support of turbine and spinning water is being released which turn activities into generate electricity. It has been studied in the report of Olivier, Janssens-Maenhout, Muntean, Jeroen , (2016), that the amount of hydropower in the European Union denied by 8% which has huge influence over the country of Spain, Italy Portugal and France. The weather of there is less favorable and due to this the range of sum of renewable electricity enhanced by 7% to 30% of the sum of electricity production. There are different trends in the largest emitting countries and regions such as China, United States, India and European Union. The CO2 emission of China is decreased in 2015 by about 0.6%. It was done for the reason of declining in coal consumption. Coal is considered as the dominant fossil fuel in the sectors of non-transport such as industry, power generations and residential services (Hasanbeigi, Morrow, Sathaye, Masanet and Xu, 2013). Figure 1: Global CO2 emission per region Source: (Olivier, Janssens-Maenhout, Muntean, Jeroen , 2016). The range of CO2 is decreased in the United States by 2.5% to 5% billion tones. It has been analyzed that reduction in emission was in the sector of electric power because of shifting of coal to natural gas utilized in the production of electricity. On the other hand the demand of the electricity remained stable since 2005. The reduction in electricity was similar distinguished over the commercial, industrial and residential sector (Hola et. al., 2014). Another country is India, India sustained to enhance its CO2 emissions to 2.47 billion tones in 2015, which was observed higher in comparison of 2014. If the contribution of India is remained same with this average growth rate, it will exceed the sum of emission in the European Union by 2020. The increment of CO2 emission is mainly done by the cause of oil and coal consumption. The coal consumption should be concerned appropriately because it has been evaluated that in 2014, India has exceeded the limit of coal consumption and become the second largest country after China (Kanemoto, Moran, Lenzen and Geschke, 2014). It has been concluded that due to carbon footprint many countries get influences adversely. The essay has been made on CO2 emission reduction. Many countries have been discussed in the context of emission of CO2. The issue has been focused in this research which is liable to enhance the emission. Brief description about CO2 emission in the European Union, United States, India, Spain, Italy and China has been discussed. There are so many reasons which are liable behind increasing emission within the country. These are oil and gas, cement production, iron and steel production and industrial sources. There are so many companies that raise voice and fight against emission. There is certain law has been made to reduce the CO2 emission. References Cui, L.B., Fan, Y., Zhu, L. and Bi, Q.H., 2014, How will the emissions trading scheme save cost for achieving Chinas 2020 carbon intensity reduction target?.Applied Energy,136, pp.1043-1052. Friedlingstein, P., Andrew, R.M., Rogelj, J., Peters, G.P., Canadell, J.G., Knutti, R., Luderer, G., Raupach, M.R., Schaeffer, M., Van Vuuren, D.P. and Le Qur, C., 2014, Persistent growth of CO2 emissions and implications for reaching climate targets.Nature geoscience,7(10), p.709. Hasanbeigi, A., Morrow, W., Sathaye, J., Masanet, E. and Xu, T., 2013, A bottom-up model to estimate the energy efficiency improvement and CO 2 emission reduction potentials in the Chinese iron and steel industry.Energy,50, pp.315-325. 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